Hey MustacheMatt,
Nice setup you've got there. Too bad you've got issues with the fish...
I could understand problems with the tetras in a newly setup unheated tank, but guppies and danios are quite hardy fish, they should have been alright. I kept a guppy in a fishbowl on a shelf for awhile. When you added the new fish to the tank did you just cut open the bag and dump them right in when you got home, or did you float the bag for a few hours before releasing them? If you did just plop them in, they could have gone into shock due to the drastic change in temp.
In regards to the danios at the surface 'gasping' is something that would happen if the water quality is poor or toxic, possibly due to the sand as mentioned by beck.
What would I do you ask? (I know you didn't really ask

)
I would crank up the temp on the heater to well above 76, maybe 85 or more and keep that waterfall flowing (as long as the water isn't too hot!). I would also raise the level of water in the tank for now just to make sure that we are rinsing all of the necessary areas that may be leeching into the water. Anything floating should also be sccoped out. Change water often, about 50% every 3 days should be removed. After 2 weeks of water changes, reduce the amount removed to about 1/3 or 1/4 and continue on for a week+ longer.
I wouldn't worry too much about water hardness at this point, as it is most likely being caused by the calcium in the sand, which will be brought down somewhat by the waterchanges. My tank constantly has hard water, but the fish are not affected (even the angels who prefer softer waters, are doing very well and even breeding!

)
After 3 or 4 weeks of waterchanges, you could start the tank cycling again with or without fish. You may want to head back to the petstore and pick up a few more danios as they are like 79 cents each.
And thats enough about fish for now... I saw a nice setup on youtube of a guy who had a few FBT's a couple Gray Treefrogs. The Gray's are fun little guys to have. They are very good climbers and have amazing accuracy when they leap for food. here is the
link...
and thats all I have to say about that...
Good Luck on your future endeavours, i'll keep an eye on this thread.